Operating Systems: Case 1


TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

Batch system

Batch processing is executing of a series of program ("jobs") on a computer without manual intervention. Batch jobs are set up so they can be run to completion with manual intervention, so all input data is reselected through scripts or command-line parameters. A program takes a set of data files as input, processes the data, and produces a set of output data files. This operating environment is termed as "batch processing" because the input data are collected into batches on files and are processed in batches by the program.

An example operating system of it is the OS/360. OS/360, officially known as IBM System/360 operating system, was a batch processing operating system developed by IBM for their new System/360 mainframes system, announced in 1964; it was heavily influenced by the earlier IBSYS/IBJOB and Input/Output Control System (IOCS) packages. It was among the earliest operating system to make direct access storage devices that is a prerequisite for their operation. OS/360 is in the public domain and can be downloaded freely. As well as being run on actual system/360 hardware, it can be executed on the free Hercules emulator, which runs under most Unix and Unix-like systems.

Interactive system

Interactive system is a system that must process data immediately, and cannot wait like a batch system would. Such as, RIOS or the Robotic arm Interactive Operating System.

RIOS is a Windows 95/98SE/2000/XP/Vista program for controlling the AL5 series of robotic arms with the SSC-32. With RIOS, your robot can be taught sequences of motion via the mouse or joystick. This extremely powerful program uses internal input to affect the robots motion for closed loop projects. External output can be controlled. This robotic arm delivers fast, accurate, and repeatable movement. The robot features: base rotation, single plane shoulder, elbow, wrist motion, a functional gripper and optional wrist rotate. Also, the Robotic arm interactive operating system is aluminium-made from Servor Erector Set components for the ultimate in flexibility and expandability.

Real-time system


It is multitasking operating systems that aims at executing real-time applications. Real-time operating system often use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior. The main object of real-time operating system is their quick and predictable response to events. And chimera, is such a good example.

Chimera, developed by Advanced Manipulators Laboratory, at Carnegie Mellon University, it is a next generation multiprocessor real-time operating system (RTOS) designed especially to support the development of dynamically reconfigurable software for robotic and automation systems. Chimera provides most of the features available in commercial real-time operating systems, and performs as well as VxWorks, OS-9, VRTX and LynxOS. In some cases, such as interprocessor communication, Chimera performance is an order of magnitude faster. The main strength of Chimera, however, lies in the magnitude of features offered which are necessary for quickly developing reconfigurable and reusable code, but are not available in other real-time operating systems. Chimera is a VMEbus-based operating system which supports multiple purpose and special purpose processors. Chimera has a full-featured real-time kernel which supports both static and dynamic scheduling, extensive
error detection and handling, a full set of library utilities, several different multiprocessor communication and synchronization primitives, and a fully integrated host workstation environment. Both C and C++ programming languages are supported. Also, Chimera real-time kernel is multitasking, allowing multiple tasks to run concurrently. Making Chimera a true multiprocessor real-time operating system, unlike most commercial RTOS. Furthermore, Chimera is already being used by many systems in University, industry and government laboratory.

Hybrid system

The hybrid operating system approach is the combination of general-purpose operating system and batch operating systems. A good example of a hybrid operating system is Linux on ITRON, which is the combination of Linux and a real-time kernel based on the μITRON specification. An interesting feature of the hybrid OS is that it can temporarily change priorities of certain Linux interrupts higher than those of ITRON tasks with the real-time constraints of ITRON. This is done by treating the Linux interrupts as Task Exception Handling Function on ITRON.

Embedded system

Embedded systems are designed to operate on small machines. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design.

Minix 3 is one of a good example of an embedded operating system. Minix 3 is a project to create a small, highly reliable and functional Unix-like operating system. Minix 3 was publicly announced on 27 October 2005 by the company/developer Andrew S. Tanenbaum during his keynote speech on top of the ACM symposium operating systems conference. Minix 3 is an English-type language that is programmed in C. Although it still serves as an example for the new edition, it is comprehensively redesigned to be "usable as a serious system on resources-limited and embedded computer and for applications requiring high reliability". Minix 3 currently supports IA-32 architecture PC compatible systems. And it is under the BSD license. With its official website of http://www.minix3.org/.

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